Nov/Dec 2003
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Referred Pain vs. Origin of Pain Pathology
Understanding the organic and physiological patterns of referred pain helps identify
the true origin of pathology and inform proper treatment.
by James Woessner, MD, PhD
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Laser-Accelerated Inflammation/ Pain Reduction and Healing
Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) precipitates a complex set of physiological interactions
at the cellular level that reduces acute inflammation, reduces pain, and accelerates
tissue healing.
by Richard Martin, BS, CLT
TENS in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) — as a treatment modality for
primary dysmenorrhea — can act as a pain relief mechanism for women with painful
menstrual cramps.
by Howard Smith, MD and Vian Younan, MD
Coexistent Headache and Chronic Pain
The combination of headache and chronic pain in a patient presents challenges to both
headache and pain management clinicians due to the lack of overlap between the two
specialties.
by R. Steven Singer, MD
Pain Complications and Treatment
by Forest A. Tennant, MD, DrPH
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